Using Speech Analytics to Enhance Human Experiences
Speech analytics technology is revolutionizing many critical processes in contact centers
Speech analytics technology is revolutionizing many critical processes in contact centers
Digitalization is optimizing the existing processes in many businesses. Adopting a new technology demands sheer determination, effective change management, and decent user adoption.
Are you looking for a way to improve your call center metrics? Incorporating speech analytics is actually a great way to improve many aspects of your call center. This tool can help you improve the overall customer experience through a better understanding of the following areas: Looking at Typical Response Times: How long does the average person wait on hold before getting through to a customer care employee? Minimizing this time can greatly increase customer satisfaction. Having a good understanding of the response time can help you figure out whether your resources are being used in the best way possible. Understanding Call Resolution: How many calls does it take for a customer’s problem to be resolved? If the answer is more than one, you can use the analytic software to figure out where your agents are going wrong by tracking certain keywords throughout the various phone calls. Getting more calls to be resolved without a transfer or follow-up can translate to higher employee satisfaction and lower operating costs as well. Focusing on Customer Sentiment: What attitude do your customers usually have while on the phone with your call center? You can monitor both positive and negative keywords used in average phone calls to understand whether people are happy, mad, confused or irate. You can use this knowledge to train your staff to avoid phrases that seem to make customers mad. Looking at the Management of Private Information: Do your employees properly handle private information? No matter what industry your company is in you likely have to deal with personal material. Mishandling customer addresses, billing data or history can lead to angry customers and even liability issues. This software can help you train and educate your agents, so they can perform better even in high-pressure situations. Learning About Broken Processes: Has it been a while since you have reviewed the processes of your business? The software that analyzes speech can make it easier for you to monitor, analyze and improve your existing procedures. While you may not want to fix something that works, many companies fall into a rut without realizing that their once successful methods are now outdated. A constant identification of failing practices can help you avoid this with your business. Keeping the Customer Satisfied: Do you know your average customer’s current thoughts on your company? Customer satisfaction surveys are a great way to get a person’s thoughts on his or her experience with your business after it is over. However, these surveys tend to lack context and may be too subjective to be completely helpful. Speech analytic software, on the other hand, gives you a recorded conversation you can review anytime you want. Once you have the speech analytics in place, you can monitor for keywords that you want representatives to either avoid or incorporate in their daily interactions with customers. This tool can improve all call center metrics because it gives you a window into who your customer is and what the typical experience with your business is like. In other words, you will be able to better understand the ways you can help your agents improve as customer liaisons for your company. Because this tool helps you monitor individual calls, you can even personalize the training to help individual representatives improve in their unique trouble areas. This blog was first published on LinkedIn.
The managers and team leaders overseeing the operations of a contact or call center have a lot of work to do even outside of the pressing daily tasks of coaching agents, assisting customers, and reporting to superiors in the company hierarchy. Contact center leaders are often responsible for tracking the data required to maintain compliance with all relevant regulations. Any lapse in compliance could leave a company open to complicated problems later on; various sanctions may be leveled and operations will almost certainly suffer. Although there is no question that compliance is a necessary part of overseeing contact center operations, the amount of information that must be gathered and analyzed means that obligatory record keeping can fall behind. Speech analytics can actually help improve compliance in several ways, including Eliminating compliance risk with the help of improved data collection, scoring, and analysis Improving agent performance by pinpointing specific shortcomings and areas in need of improvement Driving revenue through improved delivery of service and expedited resolution of concerns Eliminating Risk One of the strongest advantages that analysis systems bring to a contact center is the ability to monitor the entire body of calls passing through the center, the attributing a score and analysis to each one. Trends can be viewed on a daily basis or even several times a day to see emerging trends. Not only is this valuable technical solution capable of gathering and recording data with an accuracy beyond what individual team members can accomplish, it can do so at a speed and volume that would require an enormous team of people. This is a good way to pinpoint agents performing very well as well as team members in need of additional coaching. Improving Coaching of Call Center Agents Systems that analyze speech can quickly identify words and phrases that indicate dissatisfaction, confusion, disapproval, and anger; it can also pick out the bits of speech associated with satisfaction, trust, and approval. Agents connected with calls identified as having unsatisfactory outcomes can receive personalized coaching based on the highly precise information collected by the analytical system. One of the primary complaints of agents leaving contact center positions relates to the lack of guidance and coaching provided by leaders. Often, coaching is simply left undone because of the many other concerns that departmental managers must address each day. Analytics helps eliminate the guesswork from coaching and so makes the entire process much more efficient. Driving Revenue Creation Positive experiences encourage customers to return and make it much more likely that they will recommend a brand to others; personalized follow-ups asking customers to leave reviews will help raise the profile of a company online and add to its reputation. All these outcomes are directly related to enhanced revenue generation. Furthermore, analytics can help agents identify which customers are most likely to be responsive to various upsells and additional services. Clearly, systems capable of analyzing the speech of customers making inbound calls have a lot to offer. The operation of contact centers can be enhanced in many ways while simultaneously supporting operational goals common to the entire company. This blog was first published on LinkedIn.
Speech analytics has become an important feature in the operation of many contact centers. These sophisticated systems have the ability to precisely identify words and phrases that can be used to guide the customer through help menus and connect them with appropriate agents. Speech systems can also be used to gather a considerable volume of information that can be used to gauge insights about a brand and many other valuable data points; the ability of these systems to collect information from the entire call made to a center means it can accomplish what even a large team of people cannot. It is not surprising that many global call center leaders have been using analytical systems to improve customer experience (CX) and accomplish other essential operational goals, including revenue, reduction in customer effort and channel switching. As advanced as these systems are, the ability to predict customer needs and behavior is even more cutting edge. Predictive analytics has gotten a lot of buzz but can it really improve CX strategies and outcomes? Solve Problems Before They Arise Systems capable of predictive analysis can provide invaluable insight into emerging problems. This peek into the near future gives business decision makers and departmental leaders time to develop strategies that address these concerns before damage control is required. Preempting problems often takes much less time and overall effort compared to repairing the damage after the fact. Often, a small increase in problems reported with a particular feature gives employees enough information that the feature can be fixed before the problem affects the broader population of users. All this means less downtime for maintenance, fewer reports related to the problem, and more effective delivery of service. Knowing that customers are likely to be calling about a particular problem also lets agents present those solutions first, thereby resolving calls in much less time. Driving Revenue Through Improved Customer Experience Analysis systems with predictive capabilities are closely related to revenue driving because they help accomplish the features of CX most closely correlated with increased revenue, namely: Research into customer demographics Insight into customer behavior Strategy for problem-solving and improved outreach Simply collecting data has never been enough to actually leverage the advantage that information volume potentially has. Smart sorting and analysis are required to perceive evolving trends and patterns. Industry insight and experience developing CX will help pinpoint the strategies most likely to achieve optimal outcomes. While no system is capable of replacing experience, CX specialists will have a much larger collection of information from which to draw conclusions about experience improvement. Outperforming Competition and Supporting Company Growth Companies that excel at CX outperform their competition, resulting in greater revenue and market domination. Widespread brand awareness also takes place as a result of improving CX strategies and delivery. Increased revenue and market domination will allow companies to grow to the next level. Identifying highly precise segments of a customer population will allow targeted messaging and service provision relevant to the concerns affecting that particular group. This nuanced segmentation of customers actually improves the likelihood that people will respond positively to outreach strategies. Implementing predictive systems will provide highly relevant data that can be immediately leveraged towards key organizational outcomes – all through improving the experience offered to customers. This blog was first published on LinkedIn.
When customers reach your contact center they need to have an experience that meets their needs, resolves their concerns, and establishes the trust required for a continued relationship with a company. Effective leaders should establish protocols for assessing that quality in order to ensure that customers consistently receive the very best service. Quality assurance provides valuable insight into current operations and can be used to develop strategies for improvement. Collecting data about the customer experience is a necessary part of achieving these target outcomes and of meeting other department goals. Speech analytics can play a critical role in making existing data collection more effective and accelerating data collection in order to review goals in the future. Many enhanced outcomes can be achieved with the help of this revolutionary technology. Difficult Tasks Are Easier to Accomplish In many ways, speech analytics has been regarded as a true game changer in many dimensions of business and in call center operations in particular. Traditionally, quality assessment operations involve managers reviewing the entire record of calls made to identify the outstanding examples that require additional attention. Calls noteworthy for their positive or negative results are selected. Agents responsible for positive outcomes can be recognized and commended for their efforts. Any agents responsible for negative outcomes can receive coaching to improve their service. Even though only 10 – 20 percent of calls will be included in this review sample, data must be submitted for each one in order to gauge call center quality results over a period of time. This time-consuming process can be greatly aided by automated monitoring. Automated systems can accomplish many tasks that would ordinarily require manual oversight: Monitor the entire volume of incoming calls Categorize all calls for more effective analysis Identify emerging patterns and evolving trends Target coaching topics for agents Departmental leaders that choose to integrate automated speech analysis systems have been rewarded with a wealth of valuable information that can be sorted into useful categories with much less time. The labor-intensive monitoring and follow-up required for quality assurance can be simplified without sacrificing any effectiveness. In fact, with the help of automated coaching suggestions from the system, phone agents receive direct and personalized assistance in much less time. Given that lack of coaching and guidance is a primary cause of dissatisfaction among call center agents, this function can enhance the stability of center operations in many ways. Providing Necessary Support for Evolving Quality Assurance Concerns Quality assurance assessments have always been crucial to solving the enormous puzzle of customer experience and satisfaction. As business leaders discover new ways to think about customer experience, new data points will need to be considered in the quality assurance process. An automated system with integrated analytics for speech will be ahead of the curve with the flexibility required to grow with your company’s needs. This is an ideal addition to any contact or call center wishing to remain at the forefront of customer service delivery.
Call centers are constantly searching for new ways to boost their customer experience and customer service capabilities, and advanced technology, specifically speech analytics, can provide call centers more insight into their customers as well as their desires. Speech analytics is the process of analyzing recorded calls to gather customer information to improve communication and future interaction. When used correctly, such analytics can give your call center a distinct advantage and make everyone’s job that much easier. Here are five effective strategies for boosting customer experience with powerful analytics. 1. Get to the Root of Customer Displeasure Sometimes when a customer contacts your contact center, he or she will tell you exactly what the issue is. Other times, the explanation might be vague or simply misunderstood by the employee taking the call. Analytics are designed to remove the confusion from the equation so you know exactly why a customer is unhappy. Speech analytics tools accomplish this by studying the caller’s voice to pinpoint language that indicates displeasure, raised tones and over talk. This enables employees to resolve issues faster and to the caller’s satisfaction. 2. Pinpoint and Resolve Issues That Lead to Inefficiency We live in a world where you have quick and easy access to products and services, which means that callers expect quick resolutions, which lead to better customer experience. Leaving someone on hold for a second longer than necessary could result in a disgruntled customer. Analytics is made to examine holds and long stretches of silence to determine what’s going wrong. Whatever the problem might be, it can be better resolved with the right analytics program. 3. Target Offers to the Right Caller and Customer One size does not fit all. Rather than taking the shotgun approach when it comes to suggesting offers to customers, speech analytics allows you to pinpoint customers who are more likely to respond favorably to specific offers. What happens is analytics can uncover purchasing habits and trends to determine which offers an individual person is most likely to respond to. Now you can better target your marketing and advertising efforts without wasting time, resources or energy. 4. Better Call Center Agents Make for Happier Customers Analytics is just as beneficial for call center agents as it is for callers. Managers are able to listen in on agents to see how well they adhere to any mandatory scripting, company policy or standards they should follow. The data gathered through analytics can be used to better train current as well as future call center agents, making them more effective and confident in their jobs. 5. Keep Customers Coming Back When customers feel they are not being well taken care of, they are likely to take their business elsewhere. The data gathered by analytics can be used to better satisfy customers and keep them coming back to your company, boosting overall loyalty. Something else to think about is the fact that satisfied customers are more likely to tell other people about your company, which can bring in new business and even more satisfied customers. Speech analytics can provide a huge boost to your business. Be sure you have a solid plan of action for your software and ensure you are using the tool to its full potential.
Contact centers are very busy places and agents have to work hard to address all customer concerns as they arise. While some concerns can be addressed in fairly short order, some situations involve the need for more in-depth problem solving; at times, more experienced agents or managers may need to take over the resolution process in order for circumstances to be fully resolved. The things that customers say during these interactions and in the steps leading up to call center interaction can be regarded as a valuable source of data regarding customer opinion about an organization. Speech analytics is a practice that looks at this data systematically in order to learn how customers feel about an organization. Gauging customer attitude about companies and brands helps leaders assess if various outreach and marketing strategies have been effective; within the contact center itself, judging customer attitude and desires can help make the entire process of speaking with an agent much more effective. Streamlining the Handling of Inbound Calls Initiating various contact center protocols can be surprisingly difficult, which leaves customers having to reiterate their concerns to a series of agents before they finally speak with someone that is capable of helping them. Each time the steps are repeated the customer will get increasingly impatient with the company – this is especially true when customers are dissatisfied in the first place. Speech analytics can be used to streamline this entire process and connect customers to the appropriate agents with less delay. This saves considerable time on the customer’s part. Agents whose efforts are a better fit for resolving other concerns can focus their attention on other calls, while customers in need of particular attention can be routed directly to relevant personnel. Obtaining an Accurate View of Brand Opinion Customer attitude about a company and the brand that represents it can change for many reasons. Quality assurance agents, as well as employees that oversee contact center operations, have to stay informed of emerging trends related to the perception of a brand and customer opinion of a company. There are many reasons why this is so important; for instance: Recent product or service overhauls can result in short-term souring of public opinion The introduction of a new website or new online services might be positive, but require intensive guidance until users gain comfort Consumer behavior and attitudes particular to identified demographics can be precisely assessed The large-scale effect of brand image improvement can be assessed Dips in opinion can signal the need for new outreach and marketing strategy deployment Although the information provided by the analytical systems deployed in your contact center may not appear to mean much in isolation, insightful quality assurance and customer experience administrators will be able to see how the data can be applied to the development of new strategies. Leveraging the Customer as a Source of Information Once you think about it, it is pretty easy to see how the customer is a source of a great deal of information about your company. The opinions and feelings that your customers have about your organization and its products can be used to refine the customer experience while also guiding the development of more effective outreach techniques. Speech analytics can play an important role in the achievement of these and other goals. This blog was first published on LinkedIn.
Understanding why customers call and continue to call is actionable intelligence. It identifies the reasons behind behavior, and enables managers to take action that improve first-time call resolution. The same principle applies to customer attrition. Actionable steps can anticipate the causes of customer abandonment and provide them with valid reasons to return. Call center speech analytics is a valuable tool that for boosting customer satisfaction rates and improving the contribution to the organization’s success. The top five benefits of speech analytics include: Improving the consumer experience. Enhancing the consumer experience is a primary reason companies use call center speech analytics. Speech analytics software mines and analyzes audio data to detect elements such as stress and emotion in a customer’s voice. It also helps determine the purpose of the call, the products discussed, and more. Users can identify the needs, wants, and expectations quickly and work with the customer to satisfy them. Reducing operating expenses and increasing profitability. Speech analytics pays for itself in as little as three to six months by reducing call center costs and detecting cost savings. The technique circumvents extra expenses while generating incremental income. However, it requires a significant investment in resources and time up front to calibrate a speech analytics application successfully for a particular site. Monitoring and coaching call center agents to increase service quality. Call center speech analytics software enables managers to monitor agents and customers simultaneously to ensure that the agents adhere to scripts and meet regulatory requirements. Speech analytics technology is also valuable for helping agents improve call resolutions and reduce call volume. Operational and performance issues can be addressed and handled, resulting in overall enhanced service quality. Decreasing customer attrition. Many businesses notice a decline in customer attrition rates after implementing speech analytics. It can help companies identify the reasons customers leave, providing opportunities to make the changes necessary to ensure customers return. For instance, enhanced service quality results in improved customer satisfaction and experiences, giving consumers less reasons to leave. Identifying up- and cross-sell opportunities to boost revenue. Sales organizations can also benefit from speech analytics technology through the identification of up- and cross-sell opportunities, resulting in increased sales conversation rates. Sales managers can also analyze the data to determine the impact of a particular up- or cross-sell on a customer’s level of satisfaction, and identify offer response rates across various customer demographics. Real-time speech analytics applications can create personalized up- and cross-sell opportunities to satisfy a consumer’s distinct requirements. They can also track the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. Call center speech analytics drive quality monitoring and provide a unique perspective of the effectiveness of internal processes. It is a valuable technique to produce key performance indicators for comparing how different agents deal with various call types, allowing managers to focus their coaching efforts on real-time insight. The result is increased productivity and alignment of skill sets to consumer needs. Overall, call center speech analytics enable businesses to manage marketing campaign planning and deployment with extensive customer insight to enhance the effectiveness of their bottom line. This blog was first published on LinkedIn.
Artificial intelligence has been around for a while, and while some wholeheartedly embrace the idea, others are wary of using what is portrayed to be a “robot” in any customer experience. When many think of AI, they think of conversationalist robots, while the truth is that AI has evolved into software programs that can be seamlessly integrated into current programs and become a huge asset to their human colleagues. AI is more than just a programmed bot that can answer the same questions that are included on a company’s FAQ page, and actually has many valuable applications in the business world and more specifically, in the form of customer support. Once companies understand the basics behind artificial intelligence and the benefits of speech analytics, the investment is more attractive and practical to improve customer service in all areas. Why Is Customer Service Important? All companies recognize that good customer service is essential to staying in business, building a brand and gaining the trust of consumers that love your products and services, but many fail to understand WHY customer service is so important. It’s just an assumed fact, but doing the research into why it is so important can help us better understand how artificial intelligence and quality monitoring with speech analytics can improve the experience. Estimates suggest that poor customer service may cost companies in the United States up to 41 billion dollars in revenue each year. AI is intended as a solution to that problem and to give your business the cutting edge to stay ahead of the competition and to cut that revenue loss as much as possible. Studies show that almost 90% of customers become frustrated when they have to repeat their problems and issues to more than one representative. This number highlights the fact that good customer service is more than a bonus for your business. It’s a necessity. A poll completed in 2015 of over 2,000 adults in the United States showed that customers are willing to pay more for a product or service when the customer service experience is pleasant. Close to 86% of them said bad customer service encourages them to switch brands. This shows that good service is vital to consumers, and getting an edge on your competition with better service builds trust in your brand and products. Companies often struggle to find the line between being more efficient at answering calls and resolving problems and keeping customers happy. Consumer issues can take up quite a bit of time for an agent even as the company is pushing for faster resolutions that encourage agents to get off the call as quickly as possible. At the end of the day, your customers need to feel as if their opinions are the most valued thing in your company, and artificial intelligence can help. AI provides faster results and resolutions to issues that commonly plague customers. It can improve the efficiency of employees, create better outcomes customized to fit any client’s problem, reduce call center costs and perform large tasks that would be impossible for a human to complete in the same amount of time. AI is important for more than just chat, and can create a positive experience for every customer that works with your company. To put it in perspective, realize that most Americans currently use some form of artificial intelligence in their everyday lives. With smartphones and tablets, most turn to assistants like Cortana and Siri to get directions, ask questions and resolve problems. As AI becomes more integrated into our day to day lives, experts expect that in a short five years, customers will only interact with a human from a company 15% of the time. The other 85% of the experience will be done with some form of artificial intelligence. Recent Experiences With AI Developers work tirelessly to create an AI system that works with every company in a convenient way, with the ultimate goal being to make life and work easier for everyone. Examples of using AI include Google, who improved their voice recognition technology from 84% to 98% in just two years. IBM’s Watson was released in 2011, and is now 2400% smarter than it was at its release date. Tens of millions of online searches are done each month through voice recognition systems. Every advancement brings AI closer to being profitable and applicable to businesses of all sizes. Some companies have already invested in the technology and reaping the rewards for doing so. Digital Genius: Mikhail Naumov, the chief strategy officer of Digital Genius, says that the company better automates their chat software with a deep learning algorithm. This has been done in two different ways. Historical chats – AI systems are better trained with the help of historical chat logs. Benefits include more accurate responses and more time for customer service agents to handle complex issues that an AI is unable to solve. Naumov believes that because customer service is so repetitive, historical transcripts hold goldmines that are underused. Fact data – The nature of the industry Digital Genius functions in has solid parameters regarding the amount of solutions for a set amount of problems. This makes AI programs much easier for this type of business, rather than business development or marketing, where there are many paths and possibilities that lead to solutions. Inbenta – Inbenta approached AI from the direction that customer service questions come when customers can’t find answers to important questions on a website. Search engines can be mildly misleading and send the customer to a page with no valid information for them. This turns into a phone call to a customer service representative that takes up time and valuable resources. Natural language – To deal with this issue, the company developed “Natural Language Processing” that is a form of AI that focuses more on what the customers means in a query rather than exactly what they type. Bulk email response – Inbenta has also solved the problem of excessive emails that
Objectivity Contact center reliability in terms of delivering the value promised to customers depends largely on the performance of individual employees. Thus, in order to ensure that optimal effort is given on each and every call, management teams are required to implement contact center quality monitoring (QM). In most cases, this task is performed by a dedicated QM staff whose goal it is to ensure that required procedures are met while also conveying the messages and tones unique to each client. While QM focuses on assessing and improving an employee’s individual skills, its general purpose is two-fold: to meet the performance demands of contact center clients while also ensuring that operations remain compliant with industry standards. Manual Monitoring – An Inherently Challenging Process Typically, the QM process at most call centers involves an individual agent (be it a manager, supervisor or dedicated QM analyst) listening to individual calls and grading out an employee’s performance. After each assessment the results must then be shared through the appropriate channels, beginning with supervisors or shift managers and then with the individual employees themselves. These individual one-on-one sessions between employee and analyst or supervisor and analyst are essential in order to identify areas that need improvement. Finally, follow-up evaluations are required in order to ensure that education has been effective at helping employees improve the customer experience on his or her calls. While QM efforts are vital for improving contact center performance, the aforementioned process carries with it a number of inherent inefficiencies. These include: Resource management: Managing QM can force executive teams to walk a tight line between meeting the demands of client output and improving processes and performance. When developing a QM strategy, many often first look to supervisors and managers to perform these tasks. While their familiarity with the skills and weaknesses of their individual team members may offer valuable information to this process, adding QM to their already full schedules often requires asking them to sacrifice time and effort being dedicated to other areas. Oddly enough, the net impact of having supervisors perform QM is often a decrease in overall performance due to less attention being paid to other vital areas of operation. The next solution would then seem to be to create a dedicated QM staff whose workflow would be centered on call evaluations and employee training. This eliminates the need for management to be extensively involved in the QM process and creates a team of subject matter experts that employees may be able to rely upon as a resource. However, it is important to keep in mind that creating such a resource would likely require pulling employees that have demonstrated the highest levels of performance off of the phones in order to effectively perform this function. While the anticipated payoff is that they would then be able to convey their skills on to other employees, the question becomes how long the center would be able to wait for the rest of its staff to replace the newly named QM analysts’ levels of performance? This leads to the final concern that manual QM presents in regards to resource management: time. If a team of supervisors or QM analysts is expected to turn the trends discovered during call evaluations into actionable information that helps employees improve customer engagement, then they need the time to both listen to calls and provide education. While the expectation is already in place, that call monitoring will be a primary function of a QM team, the amount of time needed to follow up with employees and managers if often not accounted for. Once evaluations have been done, the QM team must then pull supervisors away from their regular tasks to share results, and then pull employees off the phone to provide education. For contact centers already straining to deliver optimal output levels, such allocations of time may prove to be too great of a cost. Limited sample sizes: Because the QM process can be so expensive and does require so much time, managers or analysts can only afford to perform their assessments using small sample sizes. In many cases, the actual rate of assessed calls may often represent less than one percent of a contact center’s total output. One has to wonder if such a limited volume is able to produce an accurate depiction of overall employee performance. Employees may argue that judging their capabilities on the phone off of a small random sample of their calls puts them at an inherent disadvantage. Depending upon their specific roles and responsibilities, they may feel more comfortable in certain areas than in others. Thus, while evaluating a call for a client or product with whom they are unfamiliar may serve to highlight their weaknesses, it fails to identify those areas which they may view as their strengths. Along with offering a potentially unbalanced assessment of an employee’s skills (or lack thereof), random call monitoring also may fail to show if employee education has truly taken hold. For example, if an employee were marked for a reassessment after having received training and education, reviewing a call from the week following said training may not show what he or she has learned and implemented than one from two-three weeks later. The trouble is, when pulling random call samples, QM analysts often have little control over the time frames from which their calls come from. One might argue that the solution to the problem of limited sample sizes is simply to increase his or her QM staff. However, wouldn’t such action simply serve as an example of throwing more resources at a process that’s already been proven to be somewhat ineffective? Objectivity: The final challenge that comes with manual QM monitoring is delivering objective results. When preparing the criteria that will be used to assess employee performance, the question has to be asked as to the basis used to develop it. Is it being prepared by upper-level executives based solely off of perceived client expectations, or former